Desalinization Procedures
The process of desalination of water entails creation of a flow
through a membrane - causing
the water to leave the salty side of the membrane and then flowing
into the unsalted side. This can be achieved only by creating
pressure upon the water column on the salt side of the membrane.
This is done for two reasons. Firstly, to remove the natural osmotic
pressure and secondly, to create extra pressure on the water column
so as to push the water through the membrane. The ideal pressure
required for desalination of seawater is 50-60 bars. There are
many processes and techniques that can be applied for
water desalination. Some of these are reverse osmosis,
electro dialysis, distillation and ion exchange.
Of all the available processes, reverse
osmosis is the most economic process for desalination
of brackish water and seawater. When we compare reverse osmosis
to the traditional thermic process of distillation, the capital
investments and the energy used are much lower.
For those who are unaware and wish to be educated on the processes
of water filtration systems, Membrane filtration can be considered
as an alternative for flocculation, sediment purification techniques,
adsorption (sand filters and active
carbon filters, ion exchangers), extraction and distillation.
There are two factors that are most relevant to determine how
effective a membrane filtration process is. these two factors
are selectivity and productivity. Selectivity is expressed as
a parameter called retention or separation factor (expressed by
the unit l/m2/h). Productivity is expressed as a parameter called
flux (expressed by the unit l/m2/h). Both these factors i.e. Selectivity
and productivity are dependent upon the memberane.
Membrane filtration can be
divided into a few ranges. It is divided between micro and ultra
filtration on the one hand and nano filtration and reverse Osmosis
(also called hyper filtration) on the other hand.
For the removal of larger particles through the process of membrane
filtration, usage is made of micro filtration and ultra filtration.
A low pressure difference ensures high productivity owing to the
open character of the membranes.
Nano filtration and reverse osmosis are utilized when there is
requirement to remove salts from water. Nano filtration and reverse
osmosis membranes do not work according to the principle of pores.
Instead, separation takes place through diffusion through the
membrane. The pressure that is required to perform nano filtration
and reverse osmosis is much higher than the pressure required
for micro and ultra filtration, while productivity is much lower.
Carbon TSGAC-10 American Plumber Carbon TSGAC-10 American Plumber
Cartridge WCC American Plumber Cartridge WCC American Plumber
Central Pivot Irrigation Central Pivot Irrigation
Ceramic Water Filter 155159 Ceramic Water Filter 155159
Chrome Long Reach Air Gap Faucet I-0-3RO3503LRA\CH Chrome Long Reach Air Gap Faucet I-0-3RO3503LRA\CH
Clack Microline S7028 Clack Microline S7028
Clack S7025 Microline Clack S7025 Microline
Clear 150071 Standard Filter Housing Clear 150071 Standard Filter Housing
CM-2 CoolerMate CM-2 CoolerMate
CM-2 Lead Plus Replacement Cartridges CM-2 Lead Plus Replacement Cartridges
Commercial Brackish TFC AG4014TF 1206748 Desal Commercial Brackish TFC AG4014TF 1206748 Desal
Commercial Greenhouse Water Production Commercial Greenhouse Water Production
Compatible Reverse Osmosis Membrane 155349-01 Compatible Reverse Osmosis Membrane 155349-01
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CoolerMate CM-2 Water Filter replacements CoolerMate CM-2 Water Filter replacements
CoolerMate Water Filter CM-2 Lead CoolerMate Water Filter CM-2 Lead
Counter Top CT-445 Counter Top CT-445
Counter Top Water Filters Counter Top Water Filters
Cryptosporidium and Cyst Filter 19-250-125-975 CR1 Cryptosporidium and Cyst Filter 19-250-125-975 CR1
CT-315-TFC TGI Reverse Osmosis CT-315-TFC TGI Reverse Osmosis
CT-425 and CT-445 Replacements CT-425 and CT-445 Replacements
CT-550-UP TGI Reverse Osmosis CT-550-UP TGI Reverse Osmosis
Culligan 00-4015-38 00-4412-75 00-0001-20 S7011C Aqua-Clear Culligan 00-4015-38 00-4412-75 00-0001-20 S7011C Aqua-Clear
Culligan Compatible TFM-50-A Membrane Culligan Compatible TFM-50-A Membrane
Culligan FM-4R Replacement Culligan FM-4R Replacement
Culligan SY-2500 Under Sink Filter System Culligan SY-2500 Under Sink Filter System
Cuno APRO-5000 AquaPure Replacement Cartridges Cuno APRO-5000 AquaPure Replacement Cartridges
Cuno FaucetMate FM-2-LEAD-PLUS Cuno FaucetMate FM-2-LEAD-PLUS
Cuno Membrane SQC PRO C 80 Water Factory Cuno Membrane SQC PRO C 80 Water Factory
Cuno Water Factory SQC 1 HF Cuno Water Factory SQC 1 HF
CuZn AM-103 CuZn AM-103
CuZn Bath Ball BB-103 CuZn Bath Ball BB-103
CuZn Countertop Refillable 101 Filter CuZn Countertop Refillable 101 Filter
CuZn Portable SR-24 Water Filters CuZn Portable SR-24 Water Filters
CuZn SR-24 Refill Replacement SB-24 Sports Bottle CuZn SR-24 Refill Replacement SB-24 Sports Bottle
CuZn Technology Standard KR-101N CuZn Technology Standard KR-101N
CuZn Whole House Filter WH-IL CuZn Whole House Filter WH-IL
CW5500 SF5 10 GAC-10N T33-10 CTO10U Water For Living CW5500 SF5 10 GAC-10N T33-10 CTO10U Water For Living
Cyst Filter CuZn technology KR-101A cartridge refill 1 micron cyst filter CuZn technology KR-101A cartridge refill 1 micron
Cyst Water Filter KR-101A Cyst Water Filter KR-101A
Double Tank Whole House Filter System Double Tank Whole House Filter System
Drowning Early Warning System Drowning Early Warning System
DuPage RO-TS4T-24 TFC Series Reverse Osmosis DuPage RO-TS4T-24 TFC Series Reverse Osmosis
E. Coli Cryptosporidium and Giardia Reusable Filter 20-250-190-975 E. Coli Cryptosporidium and Giardia Reusable Filter 20-250-190-975
Environmental Health Services Replacement Living Water System Environmental Health Services Replacement Living Water System
EP-BB USFilter 155548 EP-BB USFilter 155548
Everpure compatible E5620-P Everpure compatible E5620-P
Faucet Long Reach Black Air Gap Faucet Long Reach Black Air Gap
Faucet Mount FM-3R Faucet Mount FM-3R
Faucet SA03-2LRA Faucet SA03-2LRA
FaucetMate Filter FM-2 Lead FaucetMate Filter FM-2 Lead
FaucetMate FM-1 Replacement Cartridge Water Filter FaucetMate FM-1 Replacement Cartridge Water Filter
FaucetMate FM-2 Replacement Cartridges FaucetMate FM-2 Replacement Cartridges
FaucetMate Replacement Cartridges for the FM-3 (FM-350) FaucetMate Replacement Cartridges for the FM-3 (FM-350)
FI-CBA010S FI-CBA010S
FI-CTO010 Carbon Block Inline TGI FI-CTO010 Carbon Block Inline TGI
FI-CTO010.A FI-CTO010.A
Fifty Micron W50PE American Plumber Fifty Micron W50PE American Plumber
Filmtec-Osmotik MM-TFF60/105 Filmtec-Osmotik MM-TFF60/105
Filter American Plumber WGC478 Filter American Plumber WGC478
Filter and Resin Media Filter and Resin Media
Filter Bag BP-410-100 155393-03 100 Microns Filter Bag BP-410-100 155393-03 100 Microns
Filter Cartridge W.5CB American Plumber Filter Cartridge W.5CB American Plumber
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